MORTGAGE RATES

Fixed vs variable rate mortgages explained

Fixed vs variable rate mortgages explained

The interest rate on a mortgage affects how interest is charged and can affect the amount you pay each month. Some mortgages provide a fixed rate for an agreed period, while others have a rate that can change.

Understanding how fixed, variable and tracker mortgages work can help you compare the different ways mortgage interest may be structured.

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THE BIG PICTURE

What does the interest rate on a mortgage affect?

A mortgage interest rate determines how interest is charged on the money you borrow. The way that rate is set can also affect how predictable your mortgage payments are.

MORTGAGE BALANCE

The amount you owe

The amount of mortgage borrowing outstanding.

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INTEREST RATE

How interest is charged

The rate used to calculate interest on the borrowing.

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REPAYMENT STRUCTURE

How the mortgage is arranged

How the mortgage is structured, including the term and repayment method.

MORTGAGE PAYMENTS

The resulting mortgage payment

The resulting payments depend on the terms and structure of the mortgage.

The interest rate is only one part of a mortgage

Fees, the mortgage term, repayment method and other product features can also affect the overall cost and suitability of a mortgage.

FIXED RATES

How does a fixed-rate mortgage work?

How does a fixed-rate mortgage work?

With a fixed-rate mortgage, the interest rate is fixed for an agreed period. During that period, the rate does not normally change because market interest rates move.

MORTGAGE START

The initial mortgage arrangement begins.

FIXED-RATE PERIOD

Rate fixed for the agreed period.

FIXED PERIOD ENDS

The mortgage moves to the next arrangement specified by the mortgage terms unless another arrangement is made.

WHAT A FIXED RATE CAN PROVIDE

Greater predictability of the interest rate during the fixed period.

Greater predictability of payments where other relevant factors remain unchanged.

WHAT TO CHECK

How long the fixed period lasts.

What happens when it ends.

Whether early repayment charges apply.

Fees and other product terms.

Fixed does not mean fixed for the whole mortgage term

A fixed rate usually applies for a specified period rather than for the entire mortgage term. What happens afterwards depends on the terms of the mortgage and any action you take.

VARIABLE RATES

How does a variable-rate mortgage work?

How does a variable-rate mortgage work?

With a variable-rate mortgage, the interest rate can change. If the rate changes, the amount of interest charged — and potentially the mortgage payment — can also change.

VARIABLE RATE

The applicable rate can change

The mortgage interest rate can change in accordance with the terms of the mortgage.

MAY CHANGE

INTEREST

The interest charged may change

If the mortgage rate changes, the amount of interest charged can also change.

MAY AFFECT

PAYMENTS

Payments may be affected

Depending on the mortgage structure, a change in the rate may also change the mortgage payment.

WHEN THE RATE CHANGES

The effect depends on the mortgage

The effect on payments depends on the mortgage structure and the size of any rate change.

PRODUCT TERMS MATTER

Not every variable rate works in the same way

Different types of variable mortgage determine how and why the applicable rate can change.

Variable does not mean rates will necessarily rise

A variable rate may move up or down depending on how the particular mortgage rate is determined. Future rate movements cannot be known in advance.

TRACKER MORTGAGES

What is a tracker mortgage?

A tracker mortgage is a type of variable-rate mortgage. Its interest rate is usually linked to a specified external reference rate, plus or minus a stated margin.

REFERENCE RATE

The rate being tracked

The external reference rate specified in the mortgage terms.

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MORTGAGE MARGIN

The margin in the mortgage terms

The amount added to or deducted from the reference rate according to the mortgage terms.

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TRACKER RATE

The resulting mortgage rate

The mortgage rate produced by applying the stated margin to the reference rate.

HOW CHANGES CAN FLOW THROUGH

REFERENCE RATE CHANGES

The rate being tracked may move.

TRACKER RATE MAY CHANGE

The tracker mortgage rate may change in accordance with the mortgage terms.

INTEREST CHARGED AND PAYMENTS MAY CHANGE

A change in the mortgage rate can affect the interest charged and, depending on the mortgage structure, the mortgage payment.

Check exactly what the mortgage tracks

The mortgage terms should explain the reference rate, the margin applied and how changes are reflected in the mortgage rate.

COMPARING RATE TYPES

How do fixed and variable rates differ?

How do fixed and variable rates differ?

FIXED RATE

RATE DURING THE AGREED PERIOD
Normally remains fixed.

PAYMENT PREDICTABILITY
Can provide greater predictability where other relevant factors remain unchanged.

REACTION TO MARKET RATE MOVEMENTS
The fixed rate does not normally change during the agreed fixed period because wider rates move.

WHAT HAPPENS LATER
The fixed period eventually ends and the mortgage moves to the next arrangement specified by its terms unless another arrangement is made.

VARIABLE RATE

RATE
Can change.

PAYMENT PREDICTABILITY
Payments may change if the applicable mortgage rate changes.

REACTION TO RATE MOVEMENTS
Depends on how the particular variable rate is determined.

WHAT HAPPENS LATER
The mortgage continues according to its variable-rate terms unless another arrangement is made.

RATE

FIXED RATE

Normally remains fixed during the agreed fixed period.

VARIABLE RATE

Can change according to the mortgage terms.

PAYMENT PREDICTABILITY

FIXED RATE

Can provide greater predictability during the fixed period where other relevant factors remain unchanged.

VARIABLE RATE

Payments may change if the applicable mortgage rate changes.

RESPONSE TO RATE MOVEMENTS

FIXED RATE

The fixed rate does not normally change during the agreed fixed period because wider interest rates move.

VARIABLE RATE

Whether and how the mortgage rate changes depends on the way the particular variable rate is determined.

WHAT HAPPENS LATER

FIXED RATE

The fixed period eventually ends and the mortgage then follows the terms that apply afterwards unless another arrangement is made.

VARIABLE RATE

The mortgage continues according to its variable-rate terms unless another arrangement is made.

The rate type is only one part of the comparison

Fees, early repayment charges, flexibility, mortgage term and other product features may also affect the overall comparison.

END OF A FIXED PERIOD

What happens when a fixed mortgage period ends?

What happens when a fixed mortgage period ends?

The fixed-rate period is only one stage of the mortgage. It is important to understand what the mortgage terms say will happen when that period finishes.

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FIXED PERIOD

The agreed fixed rate applies

The agreed fixed interest rate applies during the fixed period.

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FIXED PERIOD

The agreed fixed rate applies

The agreed fixed interest rate applies during the fixed period.

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FIXED PERIOD ENDS

The initial arrangement finishes

The agreed fixed-rate period reaches its end.

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FIXED PERIOD ENDS

The initial arrangement finishes

The agreed fixed-rate period reaches its end.

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NEXT ARRANGEMENT

The mortgage moves to its next arrangement

The mortgage follows the terms that apply afterwards unless another arrangement is made.

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NEXT ARRANGEMENT

The mortgage moves to its next arrangement

The mortgage follows the terms that apply afterwards unless another arrangement is made.

What happens next?

EXISTING MORTGAGE ARRANGEMENT

Following the existing mortgage terms

What happens automatically after the fixed period depends on the terms of the mortgage.

ANOTHER MORTGAGE ARRANGEMENT

Considering a different arrangement

A borrower may consider other available mortgage arrangements, including remortgaging, subject to eligibility, costs and individual circumstances.

EXISTING MORTGAGE ARRANGEMENT

Following the existing mortgage terms

What happens automatically after the fixed period depends on the terms of the mortgage.

ANOTHER MORTGAGE ARRANGEMENT

Considering a different arrangement

A borrower may consider other available mortgage arrangements, including remortgaging, subject to eligibility, costs and individual circumstances.

The mortgage itself does not necessarily end with the fixed period

The fixed-rate period and the overall mortgage term are different. When the fixed period finishes, the mortgage continues according to its terms unless another arrangement is made.

RATE CHANGES

What could cause a variable mortgage payment to change?

What could cause a variable mortgage payment to change?

The reason a variable mortgage rate changes depends on the way the particular mortgage rate is set.

POSSIBLE INFLUENCES

01 / REFERENCE RATE

Changes in a rate being tracked

Some variable mortgages track or respond to a specified reference rate.

02 / LENDER RATE

Changes under the mortgage terms

Some variable rates are set by the lender and may change in accordance with the mortgage terms.

03 / MORTGAGE CHANGES

Changes unrelated to rate movements

Changes to the mortgage itself may also affect payments independently of movements in the interest rate.

POTENTIAL EFFECT

The mortgage rate or payment may change

The effect depends on the way the mortgage rate is determined and the structure and terms of the mortgage.

POSSIBLE INFLUENCES

01 / REFERENCE RATE

Changes in a rate being tracked

Some variable mortgages track or respond to a specified reference rate.

02 / LENDER RATE

Changes under the mortgage terms

Some variable rates are set by the lender and may change in accordance with the mortgage terms.

03 / MORTGAGE CHANGES

Changes unrelated to rate movements

Changes to the mortgage itself may also affect payments independently of movements in the interest rate.

POTENTIAL EFFECT

The mortgage rate or payment may change

The effect depends on the way the mortgage rate is determined and the structure and terms of the mortgage.

Check how the particular mortgage rate is determined

Always check the terms of the particular mortgage to understand how its rate can change.

WIDER COMPARISON

What else matters besides the mortgage interest rate?

What else matters besides the mortgage interest rate?

The headline interest rate is important, but it does not describe every cost or feature of a mortgage.

LOOK BEYOND THE RATE

A mortgage can differ in several ways beyond the headline interest rate.

01

Fees

Arrangement, advice, valuation, legal and other costs may affect the overall comparison.

02

Early repayment charges

Some mortgages may charge for repaying or changing the mortgage during a specified period.

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Mortgage term

The length of the mortgage can affect monthly payments and the total amount repaid over time.

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Repayment method

How the mortgage is repaid affects how the balance and interest are dealt with over the mortgage term.

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Flexibility

Features such as permitted overpayments or other options may differ between mortgages.

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What happens after the initial deal

The terms that apply after an initial mortgage arrangement ends can also be important when comparing mortgages.

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What happens after the initial deal

The terms that apply after an initial mortgage arrangement ends can also be important when comparing mortgages.

BEFORE YOU DECIDE

Questions worth considering when comparing mortgage rates

Questions worth considering when comparing mortgage rates

Understanding how you would feel about changing payments, and what you expect from the mortgage, can help frame a conversation about the available options.

QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER

Looking beyond the headline rate can help you understand how different mortgage arrangements may work in practice.

01

How important is payment predictability to you?

Consider how useful it would be to know the applicable mortgage rate for an agreed period.

02

How would a change in mortgage payments affect you?

Consider how changes in mortgage payments could fit within your wider household finances.

03

How long does the initial mortgage arrangement last?

Check how long the initial rate or arrangement applies and what happens when it ends.

04

What fees and charges apply?

Consider mortgage fees, early repayment charges and other costs as part of the overall comparison.

05

How much flexibility might you need?

Check whether the mortgage terms provide any features that may be relevant to how you expect to manage the mortgage.

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What happens after the initial arrangement?

Understand the terms that apply afterwards and what options may be available at that point.

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What happens after the initial arrangement?

Understand the terms that apply afterwards and what options may be available at that point.

COMMON QUESTIONS

Fixed and variable mortgage FAQs

Fixed and variable mortgage FAQs

What is a fixed-rate mortgage?

What is a variable-rate mortgage?

What is a tracker mortgage?

Can a fixed-rate mortgage payment ever change?

What happens when a fixed-rate mortgage ends?

Is a fixed or variable mortgage better?

MORTGAGE GUIDES

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